I work daily with PHP and honestly nearly all my code I write is synchronous.
The shared-nothing architecture of PHP makes that really a non-issue for me. Requests never share any state with each other. Something like RabbitMQ can handle communication between systems.
That's in no way lightweight though, and most languages can easily do the same. Just launch multiple instances/VMs/processes. That's having multiple separate OS processes, each having everything that is needed to run PHP, and having no way to communicate with each other, other than what you implement. No channels, no task distribution, no queue on which to sync and take tasks from, no signaling of all processes being done and then accumulating the results. That is why you then need something like RabbitMQ or other things, and it does not mitigate the heaviness of the approach.
It is kinda funny, that you mention RabbitMQ, which is written in Erlang, which is famous for its lightweight processes. But also compare the approach with thread pools built into the standard libraries in other languages. And even many of those are heavy weight compared to Erlang's lightweight processes.
PHP's approach is simple though, and in my experience that simplicity pays off when you do start scaling the systems.
In other systems once you get beyond a single machine you need that external communication mechanism anyway, and now you have multiple classes of comms which introduces bugs and complexity and performance cliffs.
In PHP you just throw another server at it, it'll act the same as if you just added another process. Nice linear scaling and simple to understand architectures.
The shared-nothing architecture is great for some scenarios.
Long running processes and async I/O are a great tool to have though. They are present in PHP for almost two decades now, and despite having many incarnations (select(), libevent, etc) and even frameworks (amp, reactphp, etc) the knowledge is highly transferrable between them if you understand the fundamentals.
Don't worry, we're not comparing languages here. You are free to chose the language and community that fits best to your approach to software development.
The shared-nothing architecture of PHP makes that really a non-issue for me. Requests never share any state with each other. Something like RabbitMQ can handle communication between systems.